The “Homeless” Free Essays

Children†s health Many people call or write the National Coalition for the Homeless to ask about the number of homeless people in the United States. There is no easy answer to this question, and in fact, the question itself is misleading. In most cases, homelessness is a temporary circumstance — not a permanent condition. We will write a custom essay sample on The â€Å"Homeless† or any similar topic only for you Order Now A more appropriate measure of the magnitude of homelessness is therefore the number of people who experience homelessness over time, not the number of â€Å"homeless people. † Studies of homelessness are complicated by problems of definitions and methodology. This fact sheet describes definitions of homelessness, methodologies for counting homeless people, recent estimates of homelessness, and estimates of the increase in homelessness over the past two decades. Additional resources for further study are also provided. As a result of methodological and financial constraints, most studies are limited to counting people who are literally homeless — that is, in shelters or on the streets. While this approach may yield useful information about the number of people who use services such as shelters and soup kitchens, or who are easy to locate on the street, it can result in underestimates of homelessness. Many people who lack a stable, permanent residence have few shelter options because shelters are filled to capacity or are unavailable. A recent study of 30 U. S. cities found that in 1998, 26% of all requests for emergency shelter went unmet due to lack of resources (U. S. Conference of Mayors, 1998). In addition, a review of homelessness in 50 cities found that in virtually every city, the city’s official estimated number of homeless people greatly exceeded the number of emergency shelter and transitional housing spaces (National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, 1999). Moreover, there are few or no shelters in rural areas of the United States, despite significant levels of homelessness (Aron and Fitchen, 1996). As a result of these and other factors, many people who lack permanent housing are forced to live with relatives and friends in crowded, temporary arrangements. People living in unstable housing arrangements who lack a permanent place to stay are experiencing a kind of homelessness, but because they are not â€Å"literally homeless,† they will not be counted. Researchers use different methods to measure homelessness. One method attempts to count all the people who are literally homeless on a given day or during a given week (point-in-time counts). A second method of counting homeless people examines the number of people who are homeless over a given period of time (period prevalence counts). Choosing between point-in-time counts and period-prevalence counts has significant implications for understanding the magnitude and dynamics of homelessness. The high turnover in the homeless population documented by recent studies (see below) suggests that many more people experience homelessness than previously thought, and that most of these people do not remain homeless. Because point-in-time studies give just a â€Å"snapshot† picture of homelessness, they only count those who are homeless at a particular time. Over time, however, some people will find housing and escape homelessness while new people will lose housing and become homeless. Systemic social and economic factors (prolonged unemployment or sudden loss of a job, lack of affordable housing, domestic violence, etc. ) are frequently responsible for these episodes of homelessness. Point-in-time studies do not accurately identify these intermittently homeless people, and therefore tend to overestimate the proportion of people who are chronically homeless — particularly those who suffer from severe mental illness and/or addiction disorders and who therefore have a much harder time escaping homelessness and finding permanent housing. For these reasons, point-in-time counts are often criticized as misrepresenting the magnitude and nature of homelessness. There is another important methodological issue that should be considered. Regardless of the time period over which the study was conducted, many people will not be counted because they are not in places researchers can easily find. This group of people, often referred to as â€Å"the unsheltered† or â€Å"hidden† homeless, frequently stay in automobiles, camp grounds, or other places that researchers cannot effectively search. For instance, a national study of formerly homeless people found that the most common places people who had been literally homeless stayed were vehicles (59. 2%) and makeshift housing, such as tents, boxes, caves, or boxcars (24. 6%) (Link et al. , 1995). This suggests that homeless counts may miss significant numbers of people who are literally homeless, as well as those living in doubled-up situations. There are at least four widely used national estimates of homelessness. Many are dated, or based on dated information. For all of the reasons discussed above, none of these estimates represents â€Å"how many people are homeless. The most widely cited example of a point-in-time estimate is the approximately 500,000-600,000 homeless people found in shelters, eating at soup kitchens, or congregating on the street during one week in 1988 (Burt and Cohen, 1989). 700,000+/night; 2 million/year (1999) The 500,000-600,000 estimate is sometimes updated by using a projected rate of increase of 5% a year to produce an estimate of over 700,000 people homeless on any given night, and up to 2 million people who experience homelessness during one year (National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, 1999). In 1990, a national telephone survey identified formerly homeless people and produced life-time and five-year prevalence estimates of homelessness. Seven percent of the respondents reported that they had been literally homeless at some point in their lives, and three percent reported being homeless at some point between 1985-1990 (Link et al. ,1994). The Clinton Administration’s Priority Home! The Federal Plan to Break the Cycle of Homelessness uses this data, corrected to include children, to estimate that between 4. 95 million to 9. million people (with a mid-point of 7 million) experienced homelessness in the latter half of the 1980s. A second study was undertaken in 1994 to refine the analysis with more explicit definitions and detailed information. This study found that 6. 5% (12 million adults nationwide) of the respondents had been literally homeless at some point in their lives, and that 3. 6% (6. 6 million adults nationwide) of the respondents had experienced homelessness (literal or doubled up) between 1989-1994 (Link et al. , 1995). Thus, it appears that 12 million of the adult residents of the U. S. ve been literally homeless at some point in their lives. Dennis Culhane’s study of turnover rates in shelters in New York City and Philadelphia is another example of a period prevalence count. This study revealed that 3% of Philadelphia’s population used the public shelter system between 1990 and 1992, and that in New York, 3% of the population received shelter between 1988-1992 (Culhane et al. , 1994). The Culhane study also found that in New York City, a single shelter bed accomodates four different people in the course of a year; in Philadelphia, each bed accomodates six different persons per year. Because this study did not include persons in privately funded shelters or on the streets, the findings underestimate homelessness in both cities. A study by Martha Burt compared these rates with data from seven other jurisdictions (Burt, 1994). The comparison showed that the New York City and Philadelphia rates fall well within the range of data from other regions of the country. One limited measure of the growth in homelessness is the increase in the number of shelter beds over time. A 1991 study examined homelessness â€Å"rates† (the number of shelter beds in a city divided by the city’s population) in 182 U. S. cities with populations over 100,000. The study found that homelessness rates tripled between 1981 and 1989 for the 182 cities as a group (Burt, 1997). A 1997 review of research conducted over the past decade (1987-1997) in 11 communities and 4 states found that shelter capacity more than doubled in nine communities and three states during that time period (National Coalition for the Homeless, 1997). In two communities and two states, shelter capacity tripled over the decade. These numbers are useful for measuring the growth in demand for shelter beds (and the resources made available to respond to that growth) over time. They indicate a dramatic increase in homelessness in the United States over the past two decades. By its very nature, homelessness is impossible to measure with 100% accuracy. More important than knowing the precise number of people who experience homelessness is our progress in ending it. Recent studies suggest that the United States generates homelessness at a much higher rate than previously thought. Our task in ending homelessness is thus more important now than ever. The National Coalition for the Homeless provided leadership in the successful effort to pass the Stewart B. McKinney Homelessness Assistance Act in 1987. Since then, NCH has continued to monitor the reauthorization and appropriations process for McKinney Act programs and other programs affecting poor and homeless people. NCH supports legislation to provide an adequate supply of affordable housing, jobs which pay a living wage, and universal access to health care. Legislative Alerts Learn about homelessness-related legislation being considered by Congress and what you can do about it. General Homelessness Issues NCH’s 2000 Federal Legislative Agenda This document provides an overview of NCH’s federal legislative priorities for 2000, including housing, health, education, income, and civil rights. The McKinney Act The Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act was the first — and remains the only — major federal legislative response to homelessness. This fact sheet provides a brief history of the McKinney Act, describes its content and evolution, and summarizes recent trends in McKinney Act legislation and funding. Funding and Budget Issues Appropriations for Federal Homeless Programs Table of FY95-00 funding levels for homeless programs. FY2001 Budget and Homelessness This page summarizes the most recent budget and appropriations legislation and provides NCH’s recommended funding levels for federal homeless programs. Housing and Shelter Issues Community Housing Investment Trust Discusses key provisions of an NCH-sponsored initiative to create one million units of high-quality, affordable rental housing for persons whose annual incomes are less than the minimum wage, including persons with disabilities, elder age, or low-wage incomes. McKinney Side by Side Side by Side comparison of major components of proposals to amend HUD homeless legislation (July 2000). Housing and Welfare Reform: Background Information Prepared by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, this paper explores the impact of welfare policy on housing and the impact of housing policy on welfare. Welfare Issues Welfare to What: Early Findings on Family Hardship and Well-Being Published by the Children’s Defense Fund and the National Coalition for the Homeless in November 1998, this report examines the impacts on families two years after the signing of the federal welfare law. It presents national and local findings and compiles more than 30 state and local studies. The Executive Summary is available at http://nch. ari. net/w2wexec. html. The full report may be downloaded below. Welfare to What (Full Report – 246K) Note: To view this file, you will need Acrobat Reader. Using TANF to Reduce and Prevent Homelessness: Effective Practices and Strategies. Published in May 2000, this paper was written to provide specific examples of how states and communities have used TANF productively to reduce and prevent homelessness. Other Internet Resources on Welfare and Poverty Links to online organizations and sources of information on poverty and welfare. Education Issues School Segregation and Homeless Children and Youth This overview summarizes available information on integrated homeless education programs (those programs that help homeless children enroll, attend, and succeed in mainstream schools) and segregated classrooms or schools (those that separate homeless children from housed children on the basis of their homelessness alone). For more detailed information, including program examples, please see School Segregation and Homeless Children and Youth: Questions and Answers Reauthorization of the McKinney Act’s Education for Homeless Children and Youth Program Congress will consider legislation to reauthorize the McKinney Act’s Education of Homeless Children and Youth (EHCY) program in 1999. The EHCY program works to ensure homeless children and youth’s enrollment, attendance, and success in school. This page provides up-to-date information on reauthorization for advocates, teachers, service providers, and administrators, including analyses and summaries of reauthorization legislation, links to relevant committees, and more detailed action alerts. America’s Homeless Children: Will Their Future Be Different? A Survey of State Homeless Education Programs The McKinney Act is responsible for significant improvements in homeless children’s access to public education. However, increasing homelessness among families with children and a simultaneous reduction in federal funding threatened the progress that states and communities had made in helping homeless children and youth enroll, attend, and succeed in school. This 1997 40-state survey examines the accomplishments and challenges of homeless education programs faced with increasing demand for services and decreasing resources. Making the Grade: Successes and Challenges in Educating Homeless Children and Youth The 1996 Position Document of the National Association of State Coordinators for the Education of Homeless Children and Youth. This report summarizes the history and progress of efforts to educate homeless children and youth, profiles 30 selected state homeless education programs, and offers recommendations for improving the McKinney Education for Homeless Children and Youth program. Health Issues No Open Door: Breaking the Lock on Addiction Recovery for Homeless People This NCH report examines what has been learned in the last decade about the barriers that homeless people face in accessing addictive disorder services and the treatment and recovery interventions that are effective with the homeless population. The Projects for Assistance in Transition from Homelessness (PATH) Program Describes the function and accomplishments of the McKinney Act’s Projects for Assistance in Transition from Homelessness (PATH) program, as well as NCH’s recommendations for expanding and strengthening PATH. Homeless Treatment and Recovery Competitive Grant Program Describes NCH’s initiative to reauthorize and appropriate funds for a national competitive grant program to develop and expand addictive and mental disorder treatment and recovery opportunities for homeless persons with addictive and mental disorders Increased Demand, Decreased Supply: Challenges to the McKinney Act’s Health Care for the Homeless Program Changes in the health care marketplace, in public policy, and in the face of homelessness itself are creating new demand for health services for homeless people according to this study published by the National Health Care for the Homeless Council and the federal Bureau of Primary Health Care. How to cite The â€Å"Homeless†, Papers

Business Proposal free essay sample

Funding Requirements14 Confidentiality Agreement The undersigned reader acknowledges that the information provided in this business plan is confidential; therefore, the reader agrees not to disclose it without the express written permission of Mr. K Seeman Durai. It is acknowledged by the reader that information to be furnished in this business plan is in all respects confidential in nature, other than information that is in the public domain through other means, and that any disclosure or use of this confidential information by the reader may cause serious harm or damage to M/s. Newsky Fireworks Limited Upon request, this document is to be immediately returned to Mr K Seeman Durai. Signature Date : 26. 05. 2013 1. Executive Summary Promoter’s Profile 1. Name:K Seeman Durai 2. Age:45 years 3. Address:No. 4859 Nethaji Road, Sivakasi 4. Educational Qualification:M. B. A. , M. I. B. 5. Years of Experience:20 years (M/s. Murugan Fireworks) Financial projections are summarised and highlighted. (Rs. In Lakhs) |Particulars |Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 | |Sales |50. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Proposal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 0 |75. 00 |90. 00 | |Exports |35. 00 |40. 00 |50. 00 | |Net Profit before Tax |15. 00 |35. 00 |50. 00 | |Investment |80. 00 |90. 00 |95. 00 | 2. Company Description Promoters and Shareholders |Name |Age |Designation |Address |No. of Shares | |K Seeman Durai |45 |Promoter |No. 859 Nethaji Road, Sivakasi |10 lakhs | | Karthik |43 |Chief Executive |No. 728, West Car Street, Trichy |1 Lakh | | | |Officer | | | | Jeya Sivasakthi |45 |Managing Director |No. 73, South Masi Road, Coimbatore. |2 lakh | |Kandan | | | | | |P. Dhanalakshmi |35 |Director |No. 83, Sarojini Road, Salem. |3 lakh | |T. Abinaya |34 |Director |No. 34, Second Street, Theni |3 lakh | |S. Aishwarya |40 |Member |No. 4859 Nethaji Road, Sivakasi |1 lakh | |S. Geetha |39 |Member |No. 73, South Masi Road, Coimbatore. |1 lakh | Advisors |Name |Educational |Role |Address |Contact No. | |Qualification | | | | |CA G Rajesh |M. Com. , F. C. A. |First Auditor |8493 Sarojini Street, Chennai|+919835748343 | |Mrs. D Sheela |M. A. ,M. L. , |Legal Advisor |857, Gandhi Road, Madurai |+919447382342 | |Mr. K Gulandaivel |B. E. , |Technical Advisror|76, Tagore Street, Vellore |+919472834234 | Products and Services †¢ Unique Selling Points : Crackers that burst with wordings regarding to the occasion. e. g. Happy Diwali, Happy New Year, Happy Married Life etc. ) Long Term Aim of the Business â€Å"To provide Eco-Friendly Crackers† Objectives |Particulars |I |II |III |IV |V | |Sales |50. 00 |75. 00 |90. 00 |95. 00 |100. 00 | |Exports |35. 00 |40. 00 |50. 00 |55. 00 |60. 00 | |Employment |2. 00 |2. 15 |2. 25 |2. 50 |2. 60 | SWOT Analysis Strengths |Weaknesses | | | | |Investments and Professionals | | |Opportunities |Threats | | | | |Everlasting Demand |Competitions | 3. Market Analysis Target Market Market Segmentation Profile of Competitors Main Competitors would be : †¢ Arasan Groups of Fireworks Industries †¢ Kaliswari Fireworks †¢ Sony Fireworks Competitive Advantage We have the following Competitive Advantages †¢ Unique features †¢ Price †¢ New technologies or systems †¢ Better value to customers in terms of efficiency †¢ Greater compatibility with existing systems †¢ Include any independent validation or case studies Benefits to Clients Our product provides to potential customers in terms of their own business goals. It enable them to: †¢ Increase sales †¢ Increase efficiencies Save money †¢ Save time †¢ Maximise resources †¢ Reduce errors †¢ Reduce downtime †¢ Improve Customer Service, reduce churn, increase loyalty 4. Marketing/Sales Strategy Marketing Strategy †¢ The Southern Tamil Nadu zone is to be concentrated first and youngsters are to be focused †¢ Followed by youngsters, children, adults are to be concentrated †¢ Youngsters are the potential customers already targeted †¢ Test site in operation are will be conducted, and feedback will be analysed properly †¢ Agents and Representatives are expected for marketing Sales Strategy The major Sales Strategy is to sell directly and by means of distributors. Particulars |Direct Sales |Through Distributors | |Composition |25% |75% | |Cost Involved |10/unit |7/unit | |Pricing |Penetration |Penetration | Pricing †¢ Competitors Price is higher than our price †¢ There is a sufficient level of competition in the market †¢ Production costs and overheads are expected to be 60% of sales †¢ The buyer can control the price to a c onsiderable level. Marketing and Communications Strategy Advertising and Publicity will be the active source of Promotion. Advertising : Through televisions and newspapers. It is targeted to audience all over the state at the initial level Publicity : Banners have been planned to be placed at various hot locations 5. Research and Development Process [pic] Research and Development It has been planned to organize a RD Department that would be actively engaged in the research of Eco-friendly crackers and to come up with various innovative ideas. 6. Staffing and Operation Management Organisation Chart Staffing †¢ Department Managers are to be appointed by the Board of Directors. The selection criteria for the same would be Educational Qualification, Experience, Age etc. , Department Managers are given the power to recruit employees for their concerned departments for which selection criteria is to be set by the directors. †¢ Skilled, Semi-Skilled and Unskilled Workers are to be utilised for various production processes. The same would be procured from the nearest locations at a reasonable cost. Tra ining Plans Training Programmes are to be conducted at regular intervals in order to enhance the efficiency of the skill levels of the workers. 7. Financial Projections IKey Assumptions10 IIBalance Sheets11 IIICashflow12 Requirements for Preparation of Projections 6. Opening figures included based on latest Mgmt/Audited accounts 7. Shareholders Fund analysed into Share Capital, Share Premium and Retained Profits 8. Sales Assumptions provided by unit, price segment geography and reconciled to pipeline 9. Expenditure categorised into RD, Admin and Overheads and Promoters / key managers salaries 10. Identification of monthly and cumulative company operational deficits 11. Sensitivity analysis may be required, detailing strategies to be implemented if sales or expenditure targets are not met. 12. Projections should identify separately Operational Cash Flow and external Cash Injections IKey Assumptions |Particulars |Year 1 |Year 2 | |No. f Employees |250 |300 | |Investments in Equipment |1,50,00,000 |1,55,00,000 | |Projected RD costs |25,00,000 |20,00,000 | |Depreciation allowed for |12,00,000 |11,50,000 | |Expected rent and rates charges |5,00,000 |5,00,000 | |Creditor days expected |45 |60 | |Debtor days allowed |60 |60 | IIIBalance Sheets IVCashflow 9. Funding Requirements |S. No. |Sources |Amount | |1. |Equity Shares of Rs. 10 each |Rs. 60 crore | |2. |10% Preference Shares of Rs. 100 each |Rs. 25 crore | |3. |8% Debenture of Rs. 100 each |Rs. 25 crore | |4. |Term Loans |Rs. 10 crore | Required for: †¢ Equipment:10 crore †¢ RD:15 crore †¢ Marketing:2 crores †¢ Staffing:6 crores 26. 05. 2013 Newsky Firework Limited Business Proposal K Seeman Durai Group

Mongols dbq free essay sample

The Mongols Empire in the 13th century was known best for their great conquests on large territories. Their empire included large territories from the Asian lands and as well as some parts of Europe. Mongols Empire grew rapidly during this period due to the success of conquests. Their key factors that played a major role into their success of conquests was mostly due to their tactics on invasion and raids, their great leadership disciplinaries for political organization and divides, and as well the submissions of surrender by other landholders. Complied along the Mongols Oral Tradition, in the 13th century, they included The Secret History of Mongols that had the information on the traditions and tactics that were used during the Mongol invasions of Chu-yung Kuan. This gives us a sense of how trickery and tactics used during the Mongol period. The Secret History of Mongols was most likely written by the Mongols during the time of raids and attacks on other landholders, because it was written by the Mongols it may have given a tone that was favorable to the Mongols. We will write a custom essay sample on Mongols dbq or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As Mongols, they sought these tactics to be witty and were proud of these achievements and tactics (doc. 1). The Monks in Novgorod wrote The Chronicles of Novgorod that explained the killing of raids and attacks upon Novgorod near Russia. They sought these Mongols to be monstereous and heartless with their violence due to their random killing of good men and women including priests and nuns. These monks described the Mongols terrifying. As monks, it’s all about peace and serenity and when the raid happened seeing their good friends being priests or nuns killed affected the to speak with hatred and discontent towards the Mongols describing them as killers, monsters and killing for no reason (doc. 2). Additional documents like the specific tactics used such as terror tactics or perhaps a journal written by a Mongol soldier during the fighting and how he thought of himself when tricking poor men into their death may help the better understanding of how the trickeries helped the Mongols conquests over large lands.

Essential Communication in a Community Crisis Situation

Essential Communication in a Community Crisis Situation Dissemination of information during crisis situation should undergo specific approaches and techniques that would allow to face the problems and address the contingency. The success of crisis communication lies in timely informing various stakeholders involved into the problem that would promote decision-making and create new perspectives for crisis management (Coombs Holladay, 2012). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Essential Communication in a Community Crisis Situation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With regard to the above-presented case, main groups and individuals engaged into the problem solving should relate to organization that control water supply mechanisms in the area, the government controlling public processes, the media that should warn the citizens about potential threats, and emergency management office itself. While disseminating information, communication should provide managers and above-menti oned stakeholders with information about the seriousness of the problem to enhance situational awareness and provide solutions (Coombs Holladay, 2012). However, to avoid panic, the managers should first emphasize the fact that they hold the situation under strict control and, if the community members follow the instructions they give, the crisis situation will soon be eliminated. Including community members as important groups is highly crucial for avoiding difficulties. In particular, the emergency managers should first address the sector for preventing discontent and disorganized behavior that could even worsen the crisis situation. Therefore, proactive planning of crisis management should start with delivering decent messages to appropriate group, at an appropriate time, and place, and by appropriate media channels. According to Lerbinger (2012), managers during crisis situation should communicate with the potential victims and families to â€Å"†¦reduce media interest an d coverage while also building the trust of employees, the community, public, and regulatory officials† (p. 51). In this respect, the managers should be able to face risk and recognize all possible consequences of disseminating inappropriate information. Potential Advantages and Challenges Associated with Communicating within the Organization and with the Public and Private Sectors Crisis communication within the organization is incredible important because it affects their reputation. Crises, therefore, can distort the expectations with which stakeholders are concerned. Organization, therefore, should establish a strict policy according to which it should disseminate information for the sake of preserving good reputation. Use of various communication media can significantly advance the respectable image of organization (Coombs Holladay, 2012). Moreover, it can be the most efficient way of promoting information and improving the communication channels within the organization via such media means as the Internet and telephoning.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main purpose of environmental crisis communication is to prevent the consequences of the disaster, as well as react immediately to the problem. What is more important is that the organization should choose the right channels of information dissemination to prevent panic in public and private sectors. In this respect, the news releases and online videos are not appropriate for revealing in public because it does not always subject to censorship (Coombs Holladay, 2012). In this respect, the contingency plan should ensure proper classification of the obtained information, which is the major challenge of crisis communication within the organization and with the public and private sectors. According to Coombs and Holladay (2012), â€Å"†¦the goal of management and co mmunication is to prevent harm to others and to be accountable – and therefore legitimate participants in a community† (p. 6). Such measures constitute a proactive challenge to understand, know, and identify the conditions leading to crisis. Despite the potential threats to communication, the technological progress significantly contributes to improving the crisis situation and advancing contingency plan measures (Sellnow et al., 2010). The effectiveness of distributing information is ensured when the obtained data is accurate and incorporated for appropriate groups of population. Therefore, awareness of techniques of how to frame and arrange events is one of the most advantageous strategies that an organization can employ while informing all the stakeholders. Differences on Communication Processes: Lessons Learnt and Further Recommendations for Improving Health Care Communication Strategies In the course of development of communication media, the organization also int roduced changes to strategies of delivering messages. Such an approach incorporates the efforts of public relations department, financial officers, and management team that focuses on efficient decision making process within the contingency plan. The means of delivering information should also be taken into consideration because they influence the overall outcomes of the contingency. In this respect, use of news releases is not quite appropriate in terms of efficient time management (Coombs and Holladay, 2012). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Essential Communication in a Community Crisis Situation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According Coombs and Holladay, organizational messages do not appear in time because of failure to present information to the news media center in a timely manner. What is more problematic is that news media often ignores organization’s response efforts. Instead, they focus more on the scales of the disaster to attract more potential stakeholders who are concerned with the crisis situation. As a result, â€Å"†¦organizations are failing to have their side of the story represented in the new media† (Coombs and Holladay, 2012, p. 34). In contrast to news releases, as it has been used in case of the Three Mile Island nuclear in 1979, the crisis communication after Hurricane Katrina destroyed the New Orleans area relied more on the Internet to disseminate information. The letter, however, is much more effective in sharing facts about the event because it implies reaction of the public that can leave commentaries concerning the disaster (Coombs and Holladay, 2012). Both the victims and the witnesses of the natural disaster had a possibility to express their attitude to the contingency, as well as suggest help. Unlike news releases, the Internet, particularly blogging provide wider opportunities for interaction and information sharing in a two-way dire ction. Appropriate Technologies Affecting and Enhancing Communication Although there few researches exploring the use of technologies during the crisis situations, there are studies proving that many organizations continue relying on traditional approaches of distributing information, including news releases (Coombs and Holladay, 2012). The role of websites and blogging should not be underestimated as well because these two sources of reporting have become the most important for organizations. However, communication channels of information exchange should not be confined to these Internet methods, particularly when organizations have to face crises. In particular, such kinds of media as videos, web-posted documents, audio, and external sources can be used to widen the access of communication to all necessary information about the contingency. In some cases, the emergence of a specific disaster or environmental problem can hasten the creation of new communication technologies that w ould improve information exchange. This is of particular concern to blogging that creates various channels for communication and impact. In other words, members of a specific community can blog addressing the organization, each other, and the media itself. In its turn, the organization can communicate similarly with the public and private sectors. Technology Use in the Scenario Described Because the crisis situation implies possible threats to human health, it is difficult to define the scale of environmental contaminations, a feedback system should be arranged to accept constantly updated loads of information about possible infections among the population. Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this fashion, the crisis communication becomes much more useful and productive because the emergence management organizations can predict immediately all possible routes of deployment of a life-threatening biological agent (Coombs and Holladay, 2012). Use of news releases is also important, but the manner of representing information should be taken under control. In particular, the emergence managers should be more concerned with delivering information about precautious measures that should be taken to avoid all possible threats (White, 2011). For instance, they should let people know about medications that can prevent the possible infection, as well as describe in detail what consequences this substance can have for human organism. In fact, advances in technology can introduce a great number of benefits to social media because it facilitates information transmittance via communication channels. In order to integrate technology successfully, the organization should work in coope ration with other target groups and concerned parties for achieving the goals in a timely manner (White, 2011). Cooperation of groups can be promoted greatly through creation of virtual communities. With regard to the above presented benefits of using advanced technology, it should be stressed that using virtual space is advantageous because it allows to create a powerful communication network that would ensure information-driven mechanisms. Management Opportunities during the Crisis Management Efficient emergency management depends largely on successful cooperation with journalists and reporters. Apart from internal factors influencing crisis communication, considering external factors is important as well. In this respect, a stronger connection between knowledge management and emergence management addressing the way individuals obtain and exchange knowledge within organization and outside it (White, 2012). Scientific management of critical situations places an emphasis on contro l and prediction. While evaluating the scenario, scientific knowledge is indispensible to define the most proactive an efficient measures to be taken to avert serious consequences. While following the patterns of technology development and integration provides a solid ground for introducing new media initiatives for handling emergence situations. As people are more educated and informed, the virtual space has become beneficial for introducing feedback and reaction to crisis situations. Emergence managers should be more aware of new possibilities and approach by means of which they can influence both private and public records during water contamination. According to Lerbinger (2012), â€Å"†¦public relations engage in the larger task of managing the communications and relationships with all stakeholder groups and with the media, both mass media and social media† (p. 20). Therefore, the main goal of emergency officers is to maintain symmetric relationships between emerge ncy management organization and community suffering from the natural disaster. The concept of corporate social responsibility is another prism through which crisis communication and management should be considered. In particular, social corporate managers should be concerned with educational and technological support of information sharing during contamination to be able to take control of the situation. Emergent managers, therefore, should consider all the nuances of cooperating with victims of environmental contamination, as well as keep in touch with the laboratories examining the capacities of the biological agent contaminating water. References Coombs, T. W., Holladay, S. J. (2012). The Handbook of Crisis Communication. US: John Wiley Sons. Lerbinger, O. (2012). The Crisis Manager: Facing Disasters, Conflicts, and Failures. New York: Routledge. Sellnow, T.L., Seeger, M.W., and Ulmer, R. R. (2010). Effective Crisis Communications: Moving From Crisis to Opportunity. US: SAGE. White, C. (2011). Social Media, Crisis Communication, and Emergency Management: Leveraging Web 2.0 Technologies. US: CRC Press.

Cost and analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cost and analysis paper - Essay Example The reports of the Institute of Medicine on the quality of our healthcare system are based on sound and reliable research materials. The reports have a high degree of quality because they were conducted by the Institute of Medicine which is a highly-reliable organization with highly qualified and knowledgeable researchers. Moreover, the figures and facts which the institute has cited are not far-fetched because as members of the healthcare industry, we are witnesses to these medical errors and to these problems in the quality of health care services. The goals which the reports have suggested are practical goals which are based on assessed needs. Incidents of medical errors are prevalent because of decreased quality of care and as pointed out by the Institute of Medicine report. And there is indeed a great chasm or gap in the quality of health care services in the United States. The Institute of Medicine (1999) has reported that the quality of healthcare in the United States registered at astronomic costs. The paper was published and the problems mentioned therein were seen as far back as 1999. More than 10 years after such report, we still see the same problems in our health care industry. In fact reports from Medical Consumers Organization set forth that we have not made any steady and firm progress towards the prevention of medical errors and towards reducing the cost of these medical errors (Consumers Union, 2009). These errors still cost the health care industry billions of dollars each year. The same problems on quality of health care have not been improved to a certain extent where medical errors have been reduced to a significant extent. Safe Patient Organization also points out that there has been little evidence which may lead us to conclude that the number of deaths or the number of injuries due to medical errors has been significantly reduced si nce the implementation of the suggested improvements by the Institute of

Strengths and limitations of assessment methods Essay

Strengths and limitations of assessment methods - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that different assessment methods can be more or less effective in assessing the different skills, attitudes, and knowledge of your students. A teacher would probably set up a practical activity and have learners demonstrate their skills for assessment. Some learners are not, however, as confident as others demonstrating practical skills and need more time to observe others or to practice these skills in a less formal setting. Practical assessments, such as demonstrations, presentations, and simulations can be limited with regards to assessing learners’ theoretical understanding of a subject. Group discussions can engage and motivate the majority of students but some learners might feel left out. Multiple-choice exams provide opportunities for learners to receive immediate feedback and results but do not provide them with opportunities to elaborate on concepts. Essays, on the other hand, provide learners with opportunities to explore their ideas and elaborate on concepts relating to the subject but are difficult to assess. Some assessment methods, like role-plays, can be â€Å"holistic† and help you assess the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of your learners but some learners can be inhibited by their nerves. Given the above strengths and weaknesses of different assessment methods, it is important for an instructor or a teacher to consider individual learner needs. For instance, it is essential that any initial assessment procedure is done in the context of recognizing a learner’s aspirations as well as learning goals.

Blow the Whistle or Breathe Insulation Case Study

Blow the Whistle or Breathe Insulation - Case Study Example Relevant details in the case include asbestos contamination in the vault, strong recommendation but not a requirement of the county inspector to remove or seal off the asbestos in the wallboard or pipes, release of company statement that it had complied with the citation but nothing was planned, a memo requiring the employees to perform their normal duties even entering the contaminated vault, refusal of the company to do the demands of the citation because of the high cost of asbestos removal, known hazards of exposure to asbestos by the employees, complaints by the employees and discussions being communicated to the management but received refusal from the President and insisted that the county has reinspected the company and was satisfied with the result, threats to one’s health and job, and thoughts of releasing a major statement to the general public or media to pressure the company to remove the asbestos. Acquring this details, it is wrong to let the employees enter the vault as this compromises employees health and violates the ethical principle of beneficence. Likewise, it might also be wrong to go on public and tell the issue as you might violate the ethical principle of doing no harm to the safety of employment of yours and other employees that might get involved. Conflict arises between the promotion of common good or health of the employees as to the protection of company image to ensure that employees will retain their positions and jobs as well as breadwinners of their families. I can see that the individual who will act as the whistleblower would be affected in terms of job stability; the group of employees who will enter the contaminated vault will also be affected in terms of health; while the company will also be affected once the case is exposed. Consider options in resolving the problem from the perspective of the: Consequentialist: the rightness of the decision is based on the consequences ~ utilitarianism; Deontologist: